High cholesterol in children

Cholesterol is a type of fat that the body needs in small amounts. It is carried in the blood by proteins, forming lipoproteins. The two main types are:

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) – often called ‘bad’ cholesterol

• High-density lipoprotein (HDL) – often called ‘good’ cholesterol

Too much LDL cholesterol in the blood can lead to a build-up in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease over time.

High cholesterol in children may be caused by:

• Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) – an inherited condition where cholesterol levels are high from birth

• Diets high in saturated fats and processed foods

• Lack of physical activity

• Being overweight or having obesity

• Other medical conditions, such as diabetes or thyroid problems

In many cases, high cholesterol may not cause any symptoms and is only detected through a blood test.

Cholesterol testing may be recommended if:

• There is a family history of high cholesterol or early heart disease

• Your child has signs of a related health condition

• They are overweight or have other risk factors

The test involves a simple blood sample, often taken after fasting.

Although ADHD can affect both genders, it is most common in boys than girls (4:1). Take a look at the list of symptoms below commonly associated with boys who have ADHD:

• Tendency to lose things 
• Disliking towards tasks that are mentally stimulating
• Easily distracted
• Failure to listen and follow instructions
• Forgetfulness
• Struggling to pay attention
• Constant fidgeting
• Excess talking

Although some of these symptoms are similar to girls, boys tend to be more hyperactive. Seek medical advice if you are concerned that your child has some or all of these symptoms that are persisting and problematic.

ADHD is caused by a combination of factors with some associated risk factors increasing the likelihood of ADHD in a child. Some of these are listed below:

• Genetics: lots of research in this area, with genetics of course likely to be a factor
• Children who were born prematurely or with a low birth weight
• Children with epilepsy

The genes you inherit from your parents play a significant role in the development of the condition. Studies that involve looking at brain scans of affected children have also shown that specific areas of the brain may be functioning differently in those with ADHD.

ADHD and autism can be difficult to differentiate as they share similar and common symptoms. Children can struggle to remain focused with both conditions, and they can often be impulsive. Although some of the symptoms between the two are similar, they are two very different conditions. Autism is a range of developmental disorders that influence behaviour, social interaction and language skills. ADHD, on the other hand - affects the way the brain regulates impulse control.

A child with ADHD may struggle to focus on tasks that require concentration, while a child with autism may struggle to focus on a task they do not like. Instead, they may become fixated on the things they enjoy the most. Seek medical guidance if you have concerns that your child is showing signs of either condition.

For more information about autism, please read our article on the early signs of autism.

If you are concerned your child has symptoms of ADHD, although it can be difficult to diagnose, it is always best to seek advice from your GP or paediatrician who may refer you to a specialist for further assessment. They will offer you support and recommend different treatment options.

Your doctor will discuss your concerns, the symptoms and your family history - to identify whether ADHD runs in the family. At first, your doctor may not advise treatment. They may recommend behaviour management to help deal with parenting your child with possible ADHD. You will monitor your child’s symptoms to see if they show improvement at home and at school. Assessment is likely to include further observation or information from school, questionnaires and learn assessments when required.